Mitigating Climate Change: The Role of Applied Physics and Environmental Technology in Bangladesh
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Abstract
Bangladesh is confronted with severe environmental challenges due to climate change, including higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, temperature irregularities, and sea-level rise. The application of concepts in applied physics and environmental technologies provides a robust foundation for understanding and mitigating these effects. Applied physics enables quantitative modeling through the application of thermodynamics, system dynamics, and energy balance, while environmental technologies such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon capture offer real-world solutions. Despite various national policies, there is still limited empirical evidence demonstrating the link between these technologies and measurable emission outcomes in Bangladesh. This study examines applied physics and environmental technology as part of support for climate change mitigation in Bangladesh for the period 1995-2025. The overall objectives are to determine interdependencies between carbon capture, GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy efficiency, policy stringency, and R&D spending; establish a Low-Carbon Performance Index (LCPI); and determine optimized mitigation scenarios. A quantitative longitudinal study was conducted with nine variables: GHG emission, renewable energy adoption, energy efficiency, carbon capture, policy strength, R&D spending, temperature anomaly, sea-level rise, and sustainability. Data used in this study is secondary in nature, collected from national and international databases. Statistical methods such as descriptive analysis, multiple regression, and correlation were used with the assistance of Microsoft Excel and other statistical software. Low Carbon Performance Index (LCPI) has been formulated with the assistance of normalized mitigation indicators and cross-checked against the sustainability index. Between 1995 and 2025, GHG emissions decreased from 152.6 to 96.9 MtCO₂e, and the use of renewable energy increased from 6 to over 44 percent, and energy efficiency was significantly enhanced. Strong negative correlations of emissions with renewable energy (-0.96), energy efficiency (-0.93), carbon capture (-0.96), policy strength (-0.94), and R&D expenditure (-0.95) were observed. These results confirm that policy and technology innovation have effectively encouraged sustainability. The findings indicate how the combination of applied physics–based modeling and environmental technologies has helped Bangladesh significantly in attaining a low-carbon transition, both propelling emission mitigation and sustainable development.
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Publication Details
- Type of Publication:
- Conference Name: International Conference on Advances in Physics (ICAP 2025)
- Date of Conference: 17/12/2025 - 17/12/2025
- Venue: Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
- Organizer: Department of Physics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology