Low-Temperature Plasma Processing for Surface Modification of Functional Materials
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Abstract
Plasma and astrophysics focus on understanding the behavior of plasma in various astrophysical environments, including stars, galaxies, solar winds, and the interstellar medium. Plasma is the most abundant state of matter in the universe, yet many observed phenomena cannot be fully explained using standard magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. Theoretical predictions often differ from observations, particularly regarding plasma instabilities, turbulence, and energy transport. These complex behaviors in stellar atmospheres, solar winds, and interstellar plasma remain inadequately understood and challenge existing models. To address these issues, this study applies kinetic theory to analyze plasma behavior beyond conventional MHD approaches, examining interactions of plasma particles with electric and magnetic fields, the formation of instabilities, and their effect on energy transport. A descriptive and analytical research design was used with secondary data sources. Peer reviewed articles and mission-based datasets were systematically reviewed to compare plasma parameters across different environments without primary data collection. The results show a significant improvement in process efficiency, rising from 26% in 1995 to 78% in 2024. Higher plasma density is associated with enhanced surface modification and efficiency. Graphical analysis indicates a steady increase over three decades, with annual growth between 2.3% and 6.9%, averaging nearly 4% per year. These findings help refine plasma models and enhance understanding of astrophysical plasma processes.
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Publication Details
- Type of Publication:
- Conference Name: International Conference on Physics 2026
- Date of Conference: 04/09/2026 - 04/09/2026
- Venue: Department of Physics, University of Dhaka
- Organizer: Bangladesh Physical Society