Statistical Analysis of Air Quality Variation Across Major Cities of Bangladesh
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Abstract
The study follows the trend of the air quality from the years 2022 to 2024 in Bangladesh over the course of the principal pollutants-PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, CO, and SO2-and the effect on the Air Quality Index (AQI). The readings of principal city hubs, e.g., Dhaka, are high with slight improvement throughout three years. Average levels of PM2.5 decreased slightly from 64.24 μg/m3 in 2022 to 62.77 μg/m3 in 2024 (~2.3% decline), but no significant change reported in the case of levels of PM10 (95.53 → 95.12 μg/m3). Gaseous emissions NO2 and CO varied minimally (+/-1%), indicating consistent emission activities both from industries to road vehicles. Notwithstanding such meager fluctuations, the overall AQI values persisted between 51, indicating mainly medium to unhealthy air conditions over the entire monitoring. The winter seasonal maxima can be observed due to the prevalence of stationary conditions along with high activities of combustion. Downward sloping trends can be seen to be small but still the values obtained of the pollutants are found to be above WHO permissible levels of air quality of PM2.5 and PM10 considerably. These findings suggest Bangladesh's long-standing struggle with particulate pollution driven by urbanization, traffic, and dust from construction activity. The results suggest the need for certain control of emissions, enhanced monitoring of the air, as well as the use of forecast models to provide advance warning as well as to guide policy selection.
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Publication Details
- Type of Publication:
- Conference Name: International Conference on Applied Statistics and Data Science (ICASDS)
- Date of Conference: 27/01/2026 - 27/01/2026
- Venue: Dhaka University
- Organizer: Dhaka University