Numerical solution of nano-bioconvective flow past a solid sphere with zero mass flux & Stephan blowing boundary conditions

In this study, we investigate the numerical solution of nano-bioconvective flow past a solid sphere under the influence of zero mass flux and Stephan blowing boundary conditions. The phenomenon of nano-bioconvective flow is characterized by the presence of nanoparticles and biological substances in the fluid, which significantly affect the flow behavior. The study considers a solid sphere as a model object immersed in the fluid, where the flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with energy and nanoparticle transport equations. Additionally, zero mass flux boundary condition at the surface of the sphere and Stephan blowing boundary condition at the interface between the fluid and the sphere are imposed to mimic real-world scenarios. Various parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and blowing parameter are examined to understand their effects on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics.

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